Ainihin ka'idar impedance matching
1. tsantsar juriya kewaye
A cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na sakandare, wutar lantarki ta fada irin wannan matsala: juriya na kayan lantarki na R, an haɗa su da ƙarfin lantarki na E, juriya na ciki na fakitin baturi, a cikin wane yanayi ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya fi girma?Lokacin da juriya na waje ya yi daidai da juriya na ciki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na wutar lantarki zuwa kewayen waje shine mafi girma, wanda shine madaidaicin wutar lantarki zalla.Idan aka maye gurbinsu da da'irar AC, wannan dole ne kuma ya cika sharuɗɗan da'irar R = r don daidaitawa.
2. reactance kewaye
Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙarfafawa na Ƙarfafawa na Ƙarfafawa na Ƙarfafawa na Ƙarfafawa ) Akwai Ƙarfafawa da Inductor.Abubuwan da aka haɗa, kuma suna aiki a cikin ƙananan mitoci ko babban mitar AC.A cikin AC da'irori, juriya, capacitance da inductance na alternating halin yanzu toshewa ake kira impedance, nuna da harafin Z. Daga cikin wadannan, da hana tasirin capacitance da inductance a kan alternating halin yanzu ake kira capacitive reactance da kuma inductive reactance da bi da bi.Ƙimar capacitive reactance da inductive reactance yana da alaƙa da mitar canjin halin yanzu da ake sarrafa ban da girman capacitance da inductance kanta.Ya kamata a lura da cewa, a cikin da'irar reactance, ƙimar juriya R, reactance inductive da capacitive reactance sau biyu ba za a iya ƙara ta hanyar lissafi mai sauƙi ba, amma ana amfani da hanyar triangulation na impedance don ƙididdigewa.Saboda haka, da'irar da'ira cimma matching fiye da zalla resistive da'irori zama mafi hadaddun, ban da shigar da fitarwa da'irori a cikin resistive bangaren bukatun ne daidai, amma kuma na bukatar reactance bangaren na daidai size da kuma alamar m (conjugate matching). );ko bangaren resistive da reactance abubuwan da suka dace daidai suke (matching mara kyau).Anan yana nufin reactance X, wato, inductive XL da capacitive reactance XC bambanci (kawai don jerin da'irori, idan layin layi ɗaya ya fi rikitarwa don ƙididdigewa).Don saduwa da sharuɗɗan da ke sama ana kiransa matching impedance, nauyin da zai iya samun matsakaicin iko.
Makullin madaidaicin impedance shine fitarwar fitarwa na matakin gaba yana daidai da shigar da matakin baya.Ana amfani da impedance na shigar da kayan aiki da abubuwan da ake fitarwa a cikin da'irori na lantarki a kowane matakai, kowane nau'in kayan aunawa da kowane nau'in kayan lantarki.To, menene shigarwar impedance da fitarwa impedance?Matsakaicin shigar da ita ita ce matsewar kewayawa zuwa tushen siginar.Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3 amplifier, shigar da shigar sa shine don cire tushen siginar E da juriya na ciki r, daga ƙarshen AB zuwa daidaitaccen impedance.Darajarta ita ce Z = UI/I1, wato, rabon wutar lantarki da shigar da halin yanzu.Don tushen siginar, amplifier ya zama nauyinsa.A ƙididdigewa, madaidaicin ƙimar kaya na amplifier shine ƙimar abin shigar da shigar.Girman impedance shigarwar ba iri ɗaya ba ne don da'irori daban-daban.
Misali, mafi girman ƙarfin shigarwar (wanda ake kira ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki) na toshe wutar lantarki na multimeter, ƙarami shunt akan kewaye da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji kuma ƙarami kuskuren auna.Ƙarƙashin ƙarancin shigarwa na toshe na yanzu, ƙaramin rabon wutar lantarki zuwa kewaye da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji, don haka ƙarami kuskuren auna.Don masu haɓaka wutar lantarki, lokacin da abin da ke fitowa daga tushen siginar ya yi daidai da shigarwar shigarwar da'irar amplifier, ana kiran shi impedance matching, sa'an nan kuma ƙararrawa na iya samun mafi girman iko a wurin fitarwa.Fitarwa impedance ne impedance na kewaye da lodi.Kamar yadda yake a cikin Hoto 4, wutar lantarki na gefen shigarwa na kewaye yana da gajeren lokaci, an cire bangaren fitarwa na kaya, daidaitaccen rashin daidaituwa daga bangaren fitarwa na CD ana kiransa impedance.Idan ma'aunin nauyi bai yi daidai da abin da ake fitarwa ba, wanda ake kira rashin daidaituwa na impedance, nauyin ba zai iya samun iyakar wutar lantarki ba.Matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa U2 da fitarwa na yanzu I2 ana kiransa impedance fitarwa.Girman fitarwa impedance dogara a kan daban-daban da'irori da daban-daban bukatun.
Misali, tushen wutar lantarki yana buƙatar ƙarancin fitarwa, yayin da tushen yanzu yana buƙatar babban abin fitarwa.Don da'irar amplifier, ƙimar abin da ake fitarwa yana nuna ikonsa na ɗaukar kaya.Yawancin lokaci, ƙananan ƙarancin fitarwa yana haifar da babban nauyin ɗaukar nauyi.Idan impedance na fitarwa ba zai iya daidaitawa da kaya ba, ana iya ƙara na'ura mai canzawa ko da'irar hanyar sadarwa don cimma wasan.Alal misali, ana haɗa na’urar ta transistor ne da na’urar wutar lantarki tsakanin na’urar ƙara sauti da lasifikar, sannan kuma abin da ke cikin na’urar yana daidaitawa da farkon abin da na’urar ta ke da shi, sannan kuma na biyun na na’urar taranfoma yana daidai da abin da ke damun na’urar. mai magana.Na biyu impedance na transformer yana daidai da impedance na lasifika.Na'urar taswira tana canza ma'auni na impedance ta hanyar jujjuyawar juyi na firamare da na biyu.A cikin ainihin lantarki da'irori, sau da yawa ci karo da siginar tushen da amplifier kewaye ko amplifier da'irar da load impedance ba daidai da halin da ake ciki, don haka ba za a iya kai tsaye alaka.Maganin shine a ƙara da'ira ko hanyar sadarwa mai dacewa a tsakanin su.A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura cewa daidaitawar impedance yana aiki ne kawai ga da'irori na lantarki.Saboda ƙarfin siginar da ake watsawa a cikin da'irori na lantarki ba shi da ƙarfi a zahiri, ana buƙatar daidaitawa don ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa.A cikin da'irar lantarki, ba a la'akari da daidaitawa gabaɗaya, saboda yana iya haifar da matsanancin fitarwa na halin yanzu da lalata na'urar.
Aikace-aikacen Matching Impedance
Don manyan sigina na gabaɗaya, kamar siginar agogo, siginar bas, har ma da megabyte ɗari da yawa na siginar DDR, da sauransu. impedance) wanda za'a iya watsi da shi, kuma a wannan lokacin, matching impedance kawai yana buƙatar la'akari da ainihin ɓangaren na iya zama.
A fagen mitar rediyo, na’urori da yawa kamar su eriya, amplifiers, da dai sauransu, shigarsa da fitar da shi ba gaskiya ba ne (ba tsantsar juriya ba), kuma bangarensa na tunanin (capacitive ko inductive) yana da girma ta yadda ba za a iya watsi da shi ba. , to dole ne mu yi amfani da hanyar daidaita ma'amala.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-17-2023